The clinical significance of the expression of XB130 in gastric cancer tissues / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of XB130 and the histodifferentiation,lymph node metastasis and survival time of patients with gastric cancer.Methods Seventy-two specimens of gastric cancer tissues and seventy-two specimens of paracancerous tissues were collected from June 2011 to June 2012 in Henan Province People's Hospital.The expression of XB130 protein in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of XB130 mRNA in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The relationship between the expression of XB130 and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer was analyzed.Results There were 26 cases of positive expression of XB130 protein and 46 cases of negative expression of XB130 protein among the 72 cases of gastric cancer tissues,and the positive expression rate was 36.1％ (26/72).There were 52 cases of positive expression of XB130 protein and 20 cases of negative expression of XB130 protein among the 72 cases of paracancerous tissues,and the positive expression rate was 72.2％ (52/72).The positive expression rate of XB130 protein in gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in paracancerous tissues (x2 =16.200,P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of XB130 protein in poorly and moderately differentiated gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in well differentiated gastric cancer tissues (x2 =5.786,P ＜0.05).The positive expression rate of XB130 protein in gastric cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than that in gastric cancer tissues without lymph node metastasis (x2 =4.281,P ＜0.05).The relative expression of XB130 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues was 1.52 ±0.46 and 2.28-± 0.51 respectively,the expression of XB130 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in paracancerous tissues (t =-21.744,P ＜0.05).The expression of XB130 mRNA in well differentiated gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in poorly and moderately differentiated gastric cancer tissues (t =-13.982,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of XB130 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than that in gastric cancer tissues without lymph node metastasis (t =-19.906,P ＜ 0.05).The mean survival time in patients with high and low expression of XB130 mRNA was (37.040 ± 14.826) and (21.529 ± 11.789) months respectively,the survival time in patients with high expression of XB130 mRNA was significantly higher than that in patients with low expression of XB130 mRNA (t =9.121,P ＜0.05).Conclusion XB130 may be involved in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer,and it is associated with the differentiation,lymph node metastasis and survival time of patients with gastric cancer.

Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by MFS, a purified extract from the fermentation of marine fungus Fusarium solani FG319, and optimization of MFS production using response surface methodology / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to isolate and characterize a purified extract from Fusarium solani FG319, termed MFS (Metabolite of Fusarium solani FG319) that showed anti-atherosclerosis activity by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to achieve an improved yield from the fermentation medium. The inhibiting effect of the isolate, MFS, on HMG-CoA reductase was greater than that of the positive control, lovastatin. The average recovery of MFS and the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged between 99.75% to 101.18%, and 0.31% to 0.74%, respectively. The RSDs intra- and inter-assay of the three samples ranged from 0.288% to 2.438%, and from 0.934% to 2.383%, respectively. From the RSM, the concentration of inducer, cultivation time, and culture temperatures had significant effects on the MFS production, with the effect of inducer concentration being more pronounced that other factors. In conclusion, the optimal conditions for the MFS production were achieved using RSM and that MFS could be explored as an anti-atherosclerosis agent based on its ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase.

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of FGFC1,a novel marine fibrinolytic compound in Beagle dogs / 中国药理学通报

Aim To detect the concentration of the no-vel marine fibrinolytic compound FGFC1 ( fungi fi-brinolytic compound 1 ) on Beagle dogs ’ plasma and tissue by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) , and also to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in Beagle dogs with intravenous injection, and to evaluate the FGFC1 into medicinal. Methods Chromatographic column: HP-C18 ( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm); the column temperature was 40℃;the mobile phase was acetonitrile -0. 1% triflu-oroacetic acid gradient elute, the flow rate of 1 mL· min-1; the ultraviolet detection wavelength was 265 nm. The dog plasma samples were collected at different intervals after intravenous injection of three different doses (7. 5, 5. 0, 2. 5 mg·kg-1 ) of FGFC1, and the concentration of FGFC1 in plasma and tissue was deter-mined by HPLC method for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution. Results The pa-rameters of 7. 5, 5. 0, 2. 5 mg·kg-1 were as follows:its elimination half-life ( T1/2β) was ( 49. 035 ± 2. 171 ) , ( 48. 422 ± 2. 113 ) and ( 48. 811 ± 2. 372 ) min, respectively;the peak concentration was (56. 48 ± 6. 23 ) , ( 48. 63 ± 5. 53 ) , ( 13. 64 ± 2. 76 ) mg · L-1 , respectively;clearance rate ( CL ) was ( 0. 0062 ± 0. 0004 ) , ( 0. 0071 ± 0. 0008 ) and ( 0. 0092 ± 0. 0006) L·min-1 ·kg-1 , respectively; mean reten-tion time ( MRT ) was ( 28. 17 ± 1. 16 ) , ( 26. 23 ± 0. 35) and (28. 66 ± 0. 84) min, respectively. Tissue distribution revealed that FGFC1 could quickly distrib-uted into the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intes-tine, stomach, brain, intestine, testicle, urine and fe-ces. Interestingly, the highest drug (FGFC1) concen-tration level was detected in the liver. Conclusions The above study shows a good pharmacokinetic profile as well as a good tissue distribution, indicating a drug-gable nature of the structure. Therefore, we consider that FGFC1 is promising for further study.

Response surface methodology to optimize marine microbe culture for producing fungi fibrinolytic compound / 生物工程学报

Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the fermentation conditions of FGFC1 (Fungi fibrinolytic compound 1). On the basis of single factor tests, response surface analysis was designed by Design-Expert, and the effects of culture time, ornithine hydrochloride addition and culture temperature on the yield of FGFC1 were studied, the predicted value and measured value were also contrasted. The results show the optimal culture conditions as follows: the culture time is 7 d, ornithine hydrochloride addition is 0.5% (M/V), culture temperature is 28 degrees C. Under these conditions, the yield of FGFC1 is 1 978.33 mg/L, which is consistent with the predicted value. It shows that the experiment is effective.

Comparison of pathogenic bacteris characteristics between praecox and tardus ventilator-associated pneumonia in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To compare of pathogenic bacteria characteristics between praecox and tardus ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in the elderly with critical illness,and to provide the guildline and evidence of clinical prevention and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 276 VAP patients aged (69.3 ± 5.3) years in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 97cases (35.14％) with praecox VAP,179 cases (64.86％) with tardus VAP.Vitek 32 system was applied to identify pathogenic bacteria. Results In patients with praecox VAP,105 pathogenic bacteria were isolated,among which 72 cases(68.57％) suffered from G- bacterium,21 cases (20.00％) from G+ and 12 (11.43％) from fungus. The most widely distributed pathogens were hemophilus (22.86％),streptococcus pneumoniae(14.28％ ) and staphylococcus aureus(14.28％).In the patients with tardive VAP,186 pathogenic bacteria were isolated including 117(62.90％) G- bacterium,54 (29.04％)G+ bacterium and 15 (8.06％) fungus; the most widely distributed pathogens were staphylococcus aureus (24.19％), pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.58％) and klebsiella pneumoniae (14.52％).The death rate of tardus VAP(24.58％) was significantly higher than of praecox VAP (10.31％ ) (x2 =8.14,P＜0.05).The durations in ICU and mechanical ventilation were much longer in tardus VAP[(10.3±4.2)d and (7.8±2.7)d] than in praecox VAP[(7.8±3.1) d and (3.7±1.1)d] (t=5.15,14.32,P＜0.05). Conclusions There is differences in pathogenic bacteria distribution between praecox and tardus VAP,and the prognosis of tardus VAP may be worse.

Blood lactic acid level and APACHE II score on prognosis of critically ill elderly patients / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the relevance between blood lactic acid level and acutephysiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ ) score in order to provide guideline for clinical treatment.Methods Retrospective analyses on 537 critically ill elderly patients who were hospitalized in the ICU with their blood lactic acid level tested and APACHE Ⅱ scores calculated.Results The overall death rate was 35.75％ (192/537) with the APACHE Ⅱ score as (22.6 ± 12.8),and blood lactic acid level as (6.84 ± 2.01 ) mmol/L.The blood lactic acid level among deaths was obviously higher than in the control group,with significant differences (P＜0.05).The level of blood lactic acid was positively related to APACHE Ⅱ score (r=0.572,P＜0.05) while the death rate was both positively related to APACHE Ⅱ score (r=0.475,P＜0.05) and the level of blood lactic acid (r=0.506,P＜0.05).Conclusion There seemed a positive correlation between blood lactic acid level and the APACHE Ⅱscore.Both of them showed good relevancc with thc prognosis of the disease.

Investigation on one-pot extraction of active ingredient group from Yupingfeng powder by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

The extraction of active ingredient group, i.e., prim-o-glucosylcimifugin, astragaloside, and 5-o-methylvisammiosode from Yupingfeng powder with one-pot method was studied in this work. A HPLC method was used to determine the content of each active constituent mentioned above in the extract. The influences of extraction temperature, time, volume percent of ethanol in water and its amount added on the content and yield of active ingredient group were investigated by orthogonal test. The experimental results showed that the optimized extraction conditions were as follows: 1g of Yupingfeng powder was one-pot extracted for 4 hours at 80 degrees C with 90% ethanol as solvent, and the yield and content of active ingredient group were 0.16%, 0.53% respectively. The active ingredient group in Yupingfeng powder could be effectively one-pot extracted under the conditions above.

Screening and isolation of fibrinolytic active compound from marine microorganism / 中国海洋药物

Objective To isolate bioactive compound of enhancing fibrinolysis from secondary metabolites of marine microorganism.Methods The separation of microorganism from seawater samples,screening of producing fibrinolytic compound's strain,selection of the active strain's optimum fermentation medium and refining of active compound were done by the method of selective cultivation,measuring of compound's fibrinolytic activity and semipreparative HPLC,respectively.Results Nine hundred and thirty-six single strains from 31 samples were collected 100 meters off the coast,and cultures of the fungus(FG216) contained enhancing fibrinolytic compound.Compounds from modified Czapek medium as the fermentation medium of FG216 showed significant fibrinolytic effect.Finally,active fraction were isolated and refined from cultures of FG216.Conclusion In this paper,active compound of enhancing fibrinolysis were gained from secondary metabolites of isolated single microorganism from seawater.

Study on the characterization and isolation of collagen from different shark skins / 中国海洋药物

Objective To investigate the methods of isolating collagen from different shark skins and to study its biochemical properties.Methods The collagen from the Blue shark scalp was extracted and purified by enzymolysis after treatment with diluted caustic alkali,and the collagen from the Spanish mackerel skins was extracted and purified by phosphate buffer method,respectively.Subsequently,the relative molecular mass,thermal denatured temperature and secondary structure of extracted collagen were determined.Results The extracted collagen with a yield of 2.9%～4.1% showed three clear bands by SDS-PAGE,and the relative molecular mass were 205,134 and 118KDa.The collagen from Blue shark and Spanish mackerel skins maximal thermal denatured temperature was 69,47℃,respectively.The secondary structures of their collagen were primary with ?-sheet and the random structure,without ?-alix.Conclusion The purified collagen was also extracted by the method of enzymolysis after treatment with diluted caustic alkali and the method of phosphate buffer.The relative molecular mass and the composition of Blue shark collagen and Spanish mackerel collagen were limited.However,the different extracted conditions could affect the specifically biochemical properties of thermal denatured temperature and secondary structure of collagen.

A STUDY OF THE RELATION OF EXOGENOUS OBESE CHILDREN WITH THEIR NUTRITIONAL STATUS / 营养学报

The studies of nutritional status and biochemical indices of obese children were taken in three elementary schools with different socioeconomic levels. Subjects including obese and overweight children were matched with normal weight children by the ratio of 1:1. The caloric intake of the obese children was obviously higher than that of the normal children. There were significant differences between the obese and the normal children in concentrations of Hb and serum total protein (p

THE CLEAVAGES AND FORMATION OF THE BLASTULA OF MONGOLIAN SHEEP EMBRYOS / 解剖学报

The cleavages and formation of the blastula of Mongolian sheep embryos were studied. The following observations were recorded.1. The egg of Mongolian sheep undergoes two maturation divisions. During the first maturation division the egg cell has a diameter of 136 ?. The cytoplasm contains larger or smaller yolk granules. The nucleus is located by one side of the cytoplasm. The nucleolus is larger and prominent. About 25 hours 30 minutes after coitus, after the second maturation division the egg cells are located at about distal 1/3 of the oviduct, and meassuring about 180 ? in diameter. The corona radiata desintegrates. The second polar body is located between vitelline membrane and zona pellucida.2. The cleavage of the Mongolian sheep embryos is of the equal holoblastic type. The first cleavage takes place about 44 hours 35 minutes after coitus. The blastomeres are about 104 ? in diameter. About 49 hours 50 minutes after coitus, the second cleavage completes the 4 blastomeres frequently lie at rght angles to each other, the diameter is about 108 ?. The 10-cell stage is attained about 66 hours after coitus, the diameter of the blastula is about 104 ?. Mean while the blastula moves slowly half way in the oviduct.3. About 68～74 hours after coitus, the number of blastomeres reached 16～20, and the diameter is about 108 ?, and it is located in about proximal 1/3 of the oviduct. Because of the shifting of the blastomeres during cleavage they form a solid mass of cells with a cleft appearing in the cellular mass, begins to assume the outline of the morula. From 135 hours 40 minutes to 139 hours 15 minutes, the number of the blastomeres is over 36, and the morula is about 100 ? in diameter. They are now considerably different in size, the largest blastomere being almost twice as the size of the smallest. By this time the morula has reached the uterus.4. About 160 hours 20 minutes to 188 hours 30 minutes after coitus, the blastula is about 100～108 ? in diameter, and is freely moving in the uterus. On the section of the blastula, a flat cell has been discovered from the lower surface of embryonic mass. It is considered as a primary cell to form the endoderm blastocytes and is named as "endodermoblast".

THE GASTRULATION OF MONGOLIAN SHEEP EMBRYOS / 解剖学报

The Mongolian sheep embryo develops into gastrula from 8 days 17 hours 10 minutes to 12 days 14 hours 30 minutes after coitus. The blastocyst is spherical in shape about 266—972?m in diameter. The zona pellucida has disappeared. The trophoblast consists of simple flat epithlium or simple cuboidal epithelium. About 8 days 17 hours 10 minutes to 9 days 15 hours 18 minutes after coitus the embryonic knot becomes spheroid, about 70—72?m in diameter. The embryonic knot is slightly protruding from The surface of the blastocyst and is covered by the trophoblast, the ectodermal cells of the dorsal portion of the embryonic knot form a mass. The lower surface of the embryonic knot has differentiated into the endoderm. The extraembryonic endoderm extends to the inner surface of the trophoblast from the periphery of the embryoblast. About 10 days 16 hours to 10 days 17 hours 20 minutes after coitus, in the dorsal portion of the embryonic knot forms a vesicle which is known as the primitive amniotic cavity about 40?m in diameter. The bottom of the primitive amniotic cavity has differentiated into the ectoderm, about 72—90?m in diameter. The endoderm of the lower surface of the embryonic knot continues to develop along the inner surface of the trophoblast to the equator. The developmental process of the primitve amniotic cavity of Mongolian sheep embryos is different from rabbit、guinea pig and human embryos, but it is similar to the mole embryos. About 11 days 16 hours 5 minutes to 12 days 14 hours 30 minutes after coitus, the embryonic knot becomes discal in shape and is fully developed, about 252—396?m in diameter. The primitive amniotic cavity of the dorsal portion of the embryonic disc has disappeared. The ecitoderm is exposed to the surface of the blastocyst, it consists of stratified columnar epthelium. The endoderm of the lower surface of the embryonic disc consists of the simple flat epithelium, it forms a spherical primitive gut cavity along the inner surface of the trophoblbst.

THE SYSTEMATIC MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF MONGOLIAN SHEEP EMBRYOS AT THE AGE OF 21 DAYS AND 16 HOURS / 解剖学报

Twenty Mongolian sheep embryos at the stage of 21 days and 16 hours, 7mm in length, were studied systematically and the following characteristic features were observed. The body of the 7mm sheep embryos looks like the letter“C”. It has approximately 44 pairs of somites encircling the notochord to form a cylindrical-like rod, located at the ventral side of the spinal cord. Four pairs of branchial arches have fully developed. The heart-thorax prominence projected higher than that of the liver-abdomen prominence. The fore limb bud is paddle-like, and the hind limb bud is cumulus-form. The brain has differentiated into five regions with three flexures. And the olfactory pits, optic cups and otic vesicles have also formed. Besides the tail nerves, most of the spinal nerves have grown and the brachial and lumbo-sacral plexuses have been formed, but the latter is not so conspicuous. The two plexuses extend into the bases of the limb buds. Of the 12 crainal nervers only the 1st, 2nd and 6th pairs have not yet developed. The nerve fibers of the Froriep’s ganglions extend into the N. hypoglossus. The Rathke’s pouch extends as a long canaliculus from the dorsal wall of the ectodermal mouth cavity. The paired lateral swellings arise from the mandibular arches. The transient tuberculum impar is located between the first and second branchial arches. The opening of the thyroglossal duct on the anterior border of the 2nd arches is closed. The cumulum epiglotticum develops from the bottom of the third branchial arches. The slitlike glottis of the larynx is located in the midplane between the 4th. and 6th branchial arches. The stomach bud expands into an oblong shape and the entire stomach has so rotated that the original dorsal border has turned 45?to the left. The intestinal loop has become V-shaped, and has extended into the umbilical cord. The gall bladder, the ventral and dorsal pancreas have developed. The terminal of the trachea bifurcates into the primary branchi. The vesicles of the lung buds have formed from the branchia of both sides. The single pericardial cavity, the paired pleural cavities, and the large common peritoneal cavities communicate with each other. The mesonephros are spindle-shaped complex. The course of the mesonephric ducts can be traced into the allantoic stalk. The metanephros is formed as a tubuloalveolar dilatation. The metanephric ducts communicates with the posterior dorsal border of the mesonephric ducts. The septum primum is going to fuse with the endocardial cushions, closing the iuteratrial foramen primum. A new opening, the interatrial foramen secondum, has been formed and the septum secondum is being developed. The interventricular foramen has been formed. The arterial bulbus is separated incompletely by the two longitudinal folds. The dorsal aortae between the third and the fourth aortic arches have not yet degenerated. The buddings of the coeliac artery, the posterior menenteric artery, the external iliac artery, and the inferior vena cava are not conspicuous. The other venous rudiments have already developed. Special venous circles have been discovered in the posterior part of the posterior cardinal vein and at the base of hind limb buds, the umbilical vein have also been found and sending branches to the bases of the posterior limb buds.